If you look at Chernobyl today you'll see that they do tourist trips there and some people have moved back and been living there for years.
There is limited travel within the zone in general. Visitors are only allowed to follow certain parts and move freely in certain areas.
There is something called "downwind" and "upwind" (look it up), downwind from the reactor, no one lives for miles and miles. Upwind however, there are people living (and never left) and measurements in those areas show little or no radiation pollution.
So that's completely logical and makes perfect sense.
What you fail to know, is that in Scandinavia, thousands of kilometers away, they are still doing something called "feed-down" on reindeer and sheep before slaughter, because the animals STILL contain too much radioactivity, since they eat plants in the fallout-zones from Chernobyl (we are now 30 years on and this is still being done, to keep food at safe radiation levels).
Fallout follow wind-patterns and rain and doesn't settle uniformly.
Also, do not forget that the Soviet-union spent around 300 000 people (spent yes....many of the liquidators are dead now), trying to clean up, evacuate and minimize the catastrophe, in a nuclear war, no such resources will be available, people cannot evacuate or get treatment and things will burn for weeks and even months.
Even the bombs at Nagasaki and Hiroshima didn't kill everyone, and both places are thriving cities today.
First of all, those bombs were air-bursts and they were also inefficient, so most of the bomb material was vaporized and transported up in the atmosphere. So, most of the radiation was transported high and distributed over a larger area. According to what I've read, the area would only have dangerous radiation levels for a few days, most of which it was burning, preventing anyone except the inhabitants of the city to be exposed. Also, by now, most of those isotopes is well within safety levels and cannot be distinguished from normal background radiation.
All things considered, remember that both bombs were very small, they were isolated incidents and they were both air-bursts.
Also, consider all this and take into account that the combined casualty-figures (even though it varies), is in the area of 250 000,- (that is about the same figure as the deaths caused by the 2004 tsunami).
In a real scenario, this would not happen. Soviet plans for London, was multiple bombs, ranging from 250kt to 1 mt, to be detonated both as ground and as air-bursts, that creates a whole other situation. (among them, neutron activation of materials)
Nuclear bombs are terrible, but the reality is that even a full all out nuclear war wouldn't kill everyone and everything.
That is true, something will always survive.
Besides, the main part of deaths in/after a nuclear war, will not be from radiation directly, but rather from famine, starvation and (normally) treatable disease, as well as outbreak of typical disaster diseases (Cholera, typhoid etc).
"Fun fact", they have found that fish in the basin around the Chernobyl plant thrive, even though their radioactive levels should be damaging, the same holds true for plants in the area (this is an important study).
You should rather look up Chelyabinsk-40 and see what long-term life is like, in a polluted environment. (birth-defects, cancers, average lifespan, 40 years, underdevelopment of mental abilities etc).
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