I didn't read everyone's responses, so I don't know if anyone covered this, but outside of Justineau's guilt (for everything these children were forced to endure, since they were so much more than a "pathogen"), I think there are two other reasons why she is able to carry on (as she does at the end).
Firstly, and this is identified with Justineau's touch (of Melanie's head in the classroom), she feels something more for Melanie. It's more along the lines of kinship. The same could be said at the end when they reach for each other, their hands against the glass. Justineau is almost maternal, and Melanie responds to that by being an even better benefactor than her adult "guardians" (wards, what-have-yous).
Secondly, Justineau is a teacher at heart. She derives her sense of significance from educating, and how better to be of use (not only for Melanie, but to this entirely disenfranchised group of kids). I think it's a simple allusion to the idea that we _are_ what we do. The doctor was a doctor until the end. The soldier a soldier. The teacher a teacher. Truthfully, the only thing that wasn't what it was was the monster. Interesting food for thought.
And that's how I saw this entire movie. A very thought provoking zombie movie. Unlike some, and better than most. The little girl who played Melanie was wildly talented, and I love Paddy Considine, whether he's hilarious or making me cry! I am really glad I gave this a try, and for those who find less, I'd encourage looking a little deeper. =D
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