I've heard it theorized that Billy's abduction to the planet Tralfamadore is all in his mind. It is a hallucination or psychotic episode that has both mental (his war experiences) and physical (his head injury after the plane crash) origins. This provides a logical -- or "real world" -- explanation for a bewildering, other-worldly phenomenon that just isn't part of common experience.
But if that is the case, how does one explain the time travel? Billy had his first experience with time travel in December 1944 when he was hiding from the Germans in the forest (and here I'm going by the novel; I don't know if the movie differs). (1) We can't dismiss the time travel episodes as merely an escape fantasy because he saw FUTURE events of his life which actually came true 10 to 20 years later. (2) It's not an effect of post-traumatic stress disorder because he's right in the middle of the trauma -- not remembering it afterward -- when the time travel takes place. (3) And it can't be the result of his head injury because that didn't happen until the plane crash in 1967. (EDIT: My mistake. The plane crash was in 1968; the abduction to Tralfamadore was in 1967.)
What logical explanation is there for the time travel? Is it simply that Billy was clairvoyant?
I think if you're looking at the movie's point of view, only the begining of the film when he's typing a letter and the end when he's explaining to his daughter and son in law about his experiences are reality. Everything else is a flashback. And the scene with his wife going apesh!t on the road was not from his viewpoint.
Then again, Billy got abducted by aliens before the plane crash, so it's a toss up
Yes, he was abducted by the aliens before the plane crash; but he only spoke publicly about it AFTER the plane crash. This led Billy's daughter (and some readers) to believe that the episode on Tralfamadore never happened -- that it's a symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (from the war), combined with the head injury he suffered from the plane crash.
I thought this was a pretty intriguing and reasonable theory... until I recalled the time line of the book. Billy dreams about Tralfamadore -- and all the future incidents of his life -- while he's still a 22-year-old trying to survive the last days of World War II. If all these future events came true, then the Tralfamadore episode must be true as well. And if the Tralfamadore episode is not true (it was all in his mind), then how can we trust that the other events in his life were true? After all, both these experiences first enter Billy's mind during the war. Billy calls it time-travel: he's living the future events of his life. But is it really that? Or is it just a dissociative fantasy to help him cope?
So I guess the question I'm asking is this: Which do you believe it is?
Everything true: We're meant to take the Tralfamadore episode literally. Maybe other people are not visited by aliens or supernatural phenomena because they're not receptive to it. Billy was not like everyone else. If we believe that he truly saw his future life, this makes him clairvoyant -- a rare gift that sets him apart. He's also innocently peaceful -- a lamb among wolves who nevertheless manages to survive, a beneficiary of last-minute miracles. He was chosen. The book has strong suggestions that he may even be a Christ-like figure.
OR
Everything not true: Everything Billy dreamed of during the war -- Tralfamadore, the future events of his life -- were a vivid fantasy that allowed him to disassociate himself from the trauma his 22-year-old psyche was undergoing. Billy never did become an optometrist, never became rich, never married or had children, never was in a plane crash. It was an elaborate fantasyland that he continued to live in even after the war ended. (It could be that he was committed to a mental hospital after his army discharge, where he went on being immersed in his fantasy life.) The book does indicate that shortly after returning home from the war and resuming his education, he had to be admitted to a veteran's hospital because of a nervous collapse.
All that's needed for it to be true is for all scenes set after Billy typing in his basement to be from his viewpoint. I haven't seen the film, but right now the only relevant incident seems to be the last one chronologically. We may be seeing things from mixed narrative standpoints. The events before the opening may include his own true memories, other people's experiences and his false memories. Those after that scene may be solely delusional. The book itself was published in 1969. He's typing after 1967, so there's very little time which isn't either potentially in his imagination or VonnegutĀ“s imagination.
The other thing is that Vonnegut tends to lie a lot to his readers.
To cite the fictional universe of the great Kurt Vonnegut Jr, and to put script analysis aside, the Tralfamadorians are real beings (they are in other books). Considering that, it would be impossible for Billy to have hallucinated the happenings.
My interpretation is that the book isn't meant to be taken literally - I, as a reader, never imagined the book as anything other than fiction. In other words, I never interpreted the events as actual events, whether that be hallucinations/delusions or actual science fiction. I found more merit in understanding what being "unstuck" was all about; in my mind, a metaphor for the type of sense a man tries to make out of a world that is at times incredibly cruel and numbing. Someone who leads a fairly dull life, and who responds to intense tragedy in a fairly dull way on the outside, but leads a fantasy world on the inside. It's an incredibly convenient way to escape.
Plus, being "unstuck in time" is a really fun plot device, and I don't think the novel would have been nearly as enjoyable (and would have lost all the narrative flow) if it told the story chronologically.
In my mind Billy was clearly delusional. He went nuts after the crash and the loss of his loving wife. There's no effort needed to the task of explaining his time-travel and the trip to trafalmador. His mind is simply making it up as he goes along while writing at his desk.
For all we know he never actually went to the war, there's nothing of substance that says that it happened. What we see is his memories, and he could be subconsiously making everything up to give an dull life without purpose a meaning. The parts where he shows knowledge of the future are inserted by his mind and since noone survived the plane-crash but him for example, there's noone to say that he actually didn't pull the nasty prank on the plane right before takeoff.
How do I explain the diamond that the wife proudly explains the story of for example? Well, though his life may be dull and unimportant, but he seems to be substantially wealthy. The police where eager to keep a lid on the graveyard incident and Billy had the money for the damages in his wallet, he gave his wife a car, a huge white Cadillac, he chartered the plane that crashed (guilt-complex ahoy). So him just walking out and buying the diamond ring isn't all that unlikely. Later his mind fills in the blank spots and suddenly he was a war veteran that came out of the bombing of Dresden, an event he could have just heard his room-mate talk about while his mind was forming the delusion.
The future hasn't happened yet and his mind is free to make *beep* up without anyone having the proof that it will or will not happen.
I know that the delusion-theory is a dull way of explaining the events and could possibly explain anything, but think of things like the trafalmadorians. They know the universe in its entire length. They have followed Billy through his entire life. He has had two children and enjoys watching borderline porn at the local drive-in theatre. But for all their knowledge, they haven't seen a sexual intercourse? And they claim to be fourth-dimensional, explaining their invisibility and their inability to do something about it. But the sound of their voice travels without problem in three-dimensional space. And calling our world solely Three-dimensional is only half true. But to have life you must have passage of time, and therefore you must travel four-dimensionally. So for all intents and purposes we too are four-dimensional beings. We just lack the ability to control our way through that dimension. Which would mean that all the trafalmadorians would have to do is to sync up with his timeline to be able to both be visible and touchable.
It's inconsistencies like these that I wouldn't expect from a real-world experience. But rather from a man that has only heard about the fourth dimension and that it has something to do with time. Which Billy in this case is. And therefore also supports the delusion-theory.
Billy was never actually abducted and he really isn't time-tripping. The movie, like Vonnegut's book, attempts to show the effects of war-induced trauma. The time-tripping represents his disjointed mind and life. Tralfamadore, and especially his life there with Montana Wildhack, represents his attempt to find some sort of peace, if not answers, by imagining a race of beings who have all the answers and provide him with someone who loves and nurtures him.
I thought according to the movie, he actually did get abducted. Because he told his son in law that "Montana Wildhack is pregnant". And he said "that's the Hollywood starlet that disappeared"
Maybe after he saw Montana in his son's magazine, and later learned that she disappeared, he incorporated her into his fantasy.
Here's another thought: IF Billy is literally jumping back and forth through time, that would NOT explain his seeing the ski instructors when his plane took off (much less appearing and disappearing). To me, that lends credence to the delusion/fantasy theory.
What I have to say refers only to the book. I haven't seen the movie.
I think many people tend to view the book purely as an anti-war novel without due deference to Vonnegut as a sci-fi writer. He'd written wackier ideas that are "true" within the fictitious scenarios to which they belong, and yes, that includes the Tralfamadorians. Vonnegut broke literary convention and there's no reason to think he wouldn't have "real" aliens show up as delusions later on, but no reason to believe he would, either.
I like to think of it all as being true - with an important qualification in the next paragraph. The book is contradictory, stating the time travel to be "true" at one point, but also providing evidence that it isn't. All the time travel COULD be Billy revising events in his mind, vividly reliving them and only thinking the "travel" started in his youth. But remember, if you assume the Tralfamadorians as being real, Billy isn't really "time traveling" at all - simply experiencing moments out of order because he's no longer perceiving time the way humans do, but at the same time incapable of perceiving it the way the Tralfamadorians do.
However, although I think of interpretations of it as being a cut and dry case of insanity are unimaginative, I don't call them wrong so much as irrelevant - my viewpoint also being irrelevant, but still mine to have. Whether the Tralfamadorians are real or not, the way they inform Billy's world view is very real. I honestly think Vonnegut barely even made the distinction and didn't care, and left it up to us, which is not to say I think he was screwing with us. He even brings up the notion of how we delineate between the fantastic and the mundane when Billy tells a World War II historian that he was in Dresden during the bombing and the man doesn't believe him because he thinks it's too much of a coincidence that he would just happen to be sitting next to such a man after talking to someone else about it. Billy's claims of time travel/alien abduction are never believed, but there somebody refused to believe what was categorically true.
In summary, I think it's open to interpretation and I interpret it this way: Billy is a disturbed individual who also happens to have jumped from point to point in his life and met aliens. What's important, though, is what his experience tells him - and us - about free will and fate.
I go along with the theory that the time travel hallucinations were a result of the WW2 trauma issues and the head injury. He started to believe he had visions of his future life in the war etc. but this didn't actually happen.
He accurately predicts the time and circumstances of his own death. I would take that as definitive proof that he is indeed "unstuck" in time.
Certainly in the book I don't believe this death is confirmed? Bearing in mind the prediction involves him being assasinated with a laser gun after such a long period of time I believe this is simply an unfounded prediction based on his WW2 memories and the death threat he received.
I watched the movie for the first time last after having just finished reading the book. The movie reminded me of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest in that you lose a great deal of the story in the conversion from book to film as you are forced to view the events from a more outside perspective - in this case without Vonnegut's narrative. Add to that the fact that the movie muddies the narrative waters by including events that didn't happen in the book (the going away scene at the airport for example) and it's a wonder how anyone is supposed to know what's really going on from the movie alone.
I absolutely loved the novel, but wasn't a big fan of the movie. I believe the novel hints that Billy Pilgrim imagined the events on Tralfamadore and is experiencing 99% of the rest of the story as flashbacks instead of time traveling. The movie pretty much flat out says everything should be taken as reality.
Billy Pilgrim is an innocent and somewhat simple minded individual. If anything, he came from a very innocent and simple environment. His experience in WW2 was devastating emotionally. Tie into that his experience surviving a plane crash, but losing his wife and father-in-law (and sustaining a major head injury) and his time and space travel can be seen as a means of coping through escapism.
In the novel, Billy becomes obsessed with the pulp sci-fi novels of Kilgore Trout after his post-war nervous breakdown. Among Trout's novels is one about a man who is abducted to an alien zoo where he is meant to mate with a movie starlet. Billy eventually meets Trout and becomes somewhat of a friend to him. On Billy's 13th wedding anniversary Billy swoons and Trout asks if Billy had just witnessed a "time window" - a situtation where someone randomly experiences an event from their past or future first hand. Trout brings this up apropo to nothing really and has to explain the concept to Billy.
Billy claims he's been time traveling since his time in the Belgian woods, but he doesn't actually mention it to anyone until after the plane crash where he sustained a major head injury and the loss of his wife. It is my belief that he sustained brain damage and reconstructed the events of his past to include time travel and aliens. The novel even hints that parts of his time in WW2 were imagined. There is a running theme of his wife's obsession with candy bars - namely Three Musketeer bars and his war companion Roland Weary's obsession with calling himself one of the three musketeers.
The movie really fouls up the above theory with two scenes: the airplane scene and Billy's assassination. In the novel, Billy mentions that he knew the plane was going to crash when he boarded it, but kept the thought to himself because he didn't want to seem foolish. In the movie, he hallucinates the skiiers on the tarmac, has a fit on the plane, and then watches everyone fall over in blurry slow motion. None of that happened in the novel and if we are to accept that event happened, then we have to accept that Billy knows about the future. The second scene that ruins the false memory theory is Billy's assassination. In the novel, he mentions to someone that he knows how he is going to die and then explains the speech and his assassination. He explains the scene to someone rather than having the reader/viewer experience it first hand as was the case with most of the other scenes. With these two scenes, the movie really pushes you in the direction of everything we see is real. The only saving grace is Billy's adoration of Montana Wildhack and him later meeting her (without her aging a day).
With fear of being that guy who says the book is better than the movie, I have to say the two supply two different perspectives and two different cases for what is real and what isn't. The novel is about innocence and war and how one person copes with both. The movie is about a bunch of tragic events that happen to a simple minded man -- and then some stuff in outer space. And don't even get me started on the clean and cheery POW Billy from the movie.
I watched the movie for the first time last after having just finished reading the book. The movie reminded me of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest in that you lose a great deal of the story in the conversion from book to film as you are forced to view the events from a more outside perspective - in this case without Vonnegut's narrative. Add to that the fact that the movie muddies the narrative waters by including events that didn't happen in the book (the going away scene at the airport for example) and it's a wonder how anyone is supposed to know what's really going on from the movie alone.
I absolutely loved the novel, but wasn't a big fan of the movie. I believe the novel hints that Billy Pilgrim imagined the events on Tralfamadore and is experiencing 99% of the rest of the story as flashbacks instead of time traveling. The movie pretty much flat out says everything should be taken as reality.
Billy Pilgrim is an innocent and somewhat simple minded individual. If anything, he came from a very innocent and simple environment. His experience in WW2 was devastating emotionally. Tie into that his experience surviving a plane crash, but losing his wife and father-in-law (and sustaining a major head injury) and his time and space travel can be seen as a means of coping through escapism.
In the novel, Billy becomes obsessed with the pulp sci-fi novels of Kilgore Trout after his post-war nervous breakdown. Among Trout's novels is one about a man who is abducted to an alien zoo where he is meant to mate with a movie starlet. Billy eventually meets Trout and becomes somewhat of a friend to him. On Billy's 13th wedding anniversary Billy swoons and Trout asks if Billy had just witnessed a "time window" - a situtation where someone randomly experiences an event from their past or future first hand. Trout brings this up apropo to nothing really and has to explain the concept to Billy.
Billy claims he's been time traveling since his time in the Belgian woods, but he doesn't actually mention it to anyone until after the plane crash where he sustained a major head injury and the loss of his wife. It is my belief that he sustained brain damage and reconstructed the events of his past to include time travel and aliens. The novel even hints that parts of his time in WW2 were imagined. There is a running theme of his wife's obsession with candy bars - namely Three Musketeer bars and his war companion Roland Weary's obsession with calling himself one of the three musketeers.
The movie really fouls up the above theory with two scenes: the airplane scene and Billy's assassination. In the novel, Billy mentions that he knew the plane was going to crash when he boarded it, but kept the thought to himself because he didn't want to seem foolish. In the movie, he hallucinates the skiiers on the tarmac, has a fit on the plane, and then watches everyone fall over in blurry slow motion. None of that happened in the novel and if we are to accept that event happened, then we have to accept that Billy knows about the future. The second scene that ruins the false memory theory is Billy's assassination. In the novel, he mentions to someone that he knows how he is going to die and then explains the speech and his assassination. He explains the scene to someone rather than having the reader/viewer experience it first hand as was the case with most of the other scenes. With these two scenes, the movie really pushes you in the direction of everything we see is real. The only saving grace is Billy's adoration of Montana Wildhack and him later meeting her (without her aging a day).
With fear of being that guy who says the book is better than the movie, I have to say the two supply two different perspectives and two different cases for what is real and what isn't. The novel is about innocence and war and how one person copes with both. The movie is about a bunch of tragic events that happen to a simple minded man -- and then some stuff in outer space. And don't even get me started on the clean and cheery POW Billy from the movie.
Since it is all subject to interpretation, I always entertained the idea that Tralfamadore was the afterlife, since Billy and the dog were dead, and presumably Montana Wildhack may have been too, since she went "missing." In much the way that people supposedly "review" their lives after the fact, he was reviewing his. Just speculation.
I do like the scene where the light finally takes him away, suggesting visually it is either real (since the dog goes too) or it alludes to Billy finally surrendering to his psychosis. Either way it is a brilliant scene.