I freely admit that I skimmed some of the argument above. But I think that seeing value in Dr. Sloper because he suspects Morris and seems to want to protect Catherine misses the point.
Dr. Sloper is either a man with no social skills, who is blind to his own cruelty, or a sly SOB who knows just what he's doing.
I suspect the latter. Why would he do that? Maybe it gives him pleasure. Maybe it's an expression of his guilt a/o resentment of Catherine's birth for his wife's death. Maybe he's just an utter control freak. Maybe he sees her only value as being a spinster who will care for him in his old age and is afraid to let her get away.
But I think there's no question that his words and actions are cruel -- sometimes he is more subtle than others, sometimes he sets her up with seeming compliments then knocks her down, but he is cruel.
In fact, I think the occasional compliment or smattering of normal conversation is all the more proof of his cruelty -- it is a common tactic among verbally abusive people. He draws her out just enough to find a vulnerable spot to shoot down. He is a very manipulative man.
And maybe he needs to be subtle, because he sees her potential to stop being a doormat, if somebody else ever squeezes in there to give her some confidence.
It is combination of her father's finally being more direct in his insults, while she still believes that Morris sees her real worth, that gives her the strength to give up altogether on her father, without a look back.
The tragedy here is that Catherine is caught between a rock and a hard place -- Morris is faking it, but his actions and words give her a sense that she has value and is loveable. When this one person who has given her confidence is proven false, it seems to prove her father right, not only about Morris, but about her being someone that nobody could ever love or desire, and utterly without worth.
But life isn't either-or -- the conflicting opinions of only two people should not be one's only choices. That's her tragedy.
When she finally "finds her tongue," as her father puts it, she points out that living with Morris, who didn't love her, would not be any worse than living with her father, who didn't love her.
But the lack of love, and encouragement, from her father, came during the years that helped to shape her. He was cold and cruel to a child, and created a nervous mess, who became a hard and embittered young woman when she realized that she was between that rock and hard place. His crime is no less than Morris', I think.
Had he helped her blossom into who she could have been, they might have had a wink and a smile over Morris and his fortune-hunting -- not because she was so undesirable, but because they'd discussed the possibility that even lovely women with money needed to watch out for such things, and because she knew she deserved a better man.
By the end, is she so utterly crippled by all of this that she has no life, no personality, no joy? Hard to say -- she shows what seems real joy in her visiting family as they get into the carriage and seems honest when she smiles and says she likes the Square.
But she does that hesitating walk away from the camera that seems to be "cinema code" for hiding her sad feelings. She is cynical about her maid's compliment only being a precursor to a request.
She says she can be very cruel, because she has been taught by masters (meaning Dad and Morris). Her cruelty, like Morris' and, occasionally, her father's is passive-aggressive. She just lets him stay on the doorstep, banging and yelling.
Does she go on to have a good life and do good in the world, or does she continue to be bitter and mean? Hard to say from this version. The 1997 film showed the character using the house as a school, seemingly busy and happy, if I remember correctly.
I've never read the book, so I don't know if Catherine's taking the bull by the horns and redefining what life should be is up for interpretation or not.
But there is no question in my mind that the beginning of her tragedy and pain came from her father's treatment of her.
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