Doesn't that work both ways ... i.e. one word: Treason?
I know this is an old post, but I will say it anyway.
I assume you mean secession and no, it fit no definitions of "treason" at the time. It wasn't even illegal because the law didn't consider it and the Constitution never provided for a state leaving the Union.
A better argument can be made that the North started an illegal war to force the South back in, but what's the point? It's done.
In fact, the first ruling making secession illegal came a few years after the war in 1869 - Texas v White. Prior to that many members of Congress were for treating the South as conquered provinces instead of states, implying that they had, in fact, legally separated from the US and were a conquered nation.
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