Country where story takes place

I pictured it as being on the border between Poland and Czechoslovakia. (I can't judge which side of the Czech/Slovak border it is.)

Enough of the names are German, as in DeGoff und Taxis; that there were substantial remnants of the Drang nach Osten (or Drive to the East). Also, the mountains pictured could well have been the Carpathians. Any Soviet mountains would have been too far to the east.

This picture contains no physical depiction of the Godhead.

Republic of Zubrowka, a fictional Central European state.

Zubrowka is a fictional country, but it was surely modelled after existing places. My guess is Czechoslovakia: The widespread presence of German signage (which for interwar Czechoslovakia would be a remnant of the Austro-Hungarian time), a spa town named Nebelsbad (mirroring real-life Marienbad, Karlsbad, and Franzensbad), Austro-Hungarian sweet pastry tradition, occupation by fascists, a generally Slavik-sounding environment...the parallels to Czechoslovakia are numerous.