I don't think Denis is interested in antagonists or protagonist in the conventional sense. As you suggest, there are a multitude of conflicts taking place that complicate the lives of the characters.
I believe Denis is making a commentary about the potential danger / the dysfunction / tragic consequences that occur(s), when people create an identity for themselves based on a physical space or rigid belief system that isn't "well-grounded." The white foreigners are doing this, as are the African natives. Good or bad, it's human nature at work.
The character of the mother and the son were the most intriguing. They shouldn't be perceived, or should have been portrayed, as universally good or evil. They were caught in this thankless position -- forced into moving to this farm, and trying to make it work for themselves (perhaps not a good thing?). And trying to make it work also means reconciling with outside forces, for example the rebel uprising. As others have mentioned in this board, the son probably hates living in the farm but (misguidedly?) sees joining forces with the rebels as a way of giving meaning and significance to his life (he's rejecting his "white materiality").
Maria Vial may have been harboring the rebel leader via a false or empty sense of compassion toward him and the cause of the rebels. Its what she tells herself to do to maintain this identity she created for herself living in the farm (I don't think it is an identity she is enamored with; I think she hates her existence in the farm, but keeps a straight face, until she abandons the [false] identity at the end and lets her rage/her true self take action).
Being in the farm was imposed upon these two characters by the sensibility of the father-in-law/grandfather (it is because of his actions years before that they are there). As this imposition was not well-grounded, the life or identity one creates for oneself to satisfy this imposed life is bound to crumble.
OK, time to watch an episode of The Brady Bunch.
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