The film is an excellent example of what is called the "unreliable narrator." In most stories, the narrator sees all, knows all, and tells only the truth. In the case of the unreliable narrator, we see things from a narrow, flawed perspective, and thus prevented from seeing actual reality, only that character's perception of it. In this case, we see everything from Nina's point of view, and that colors everything that transpires on screen. She is clearly hallucinating at points, manifestations of her desires, fears and insecurities. This also makes it hard to tell who characters really are - is Thomas a sexual predator, or an enthusiastic director pushing his star? Is the mother controlling and smothering, or is she trying to protect a daughter who has serious mental issues? Is Lily a supportive friend, or back stabbing rival?
Consider also the story of Swan Lake - the Black Swan seduces and steals the prince from the White Swan. Nina represents both Swans. She is the Black Swan stalking Beth, stealing her things in order to emulate and eventually become her. Like the White Swan, Beth ends up killing herself (or trying to by stepping into traffic) once Nina has succeeded in supplanting her. Once she wins the lead, her own insecurities and neuroses, create a jealousy of the Lily, nominally the Black Swan she fears is going to replace her (though the name Lily might imply something different).
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