Blacks were allowed to, and did serve in the military in WWI, and before. Although the majority were enlisted into SOS units (Service of Supply), driving trucks, buring dead, unloading ships, etc... there were two divisions, the 92nd infantry Division and 93rd Infantry Division of the AEF (American Expeditionary Forces), which were composed of "colored" regiments and saw combat on the front lines of the Western Front. The soldiers of these divisions were "lent" to the French armies to augment their troops, and so did not serve in a U.S. "Army" (used here as a level of control: company -> battalion -> regiment -> brigade -> division -> corps -> army).
One of the last surviving U.S. combat veterans of WWI, Moses Hardy, was a black soldier with the 805th Pioneer Infantry Regiment. Hardy was the son of former slaves from Mississippi. At the time of his death (Dec. 7, 2006) Hardy was the oldest living combat veteran in the United States.
Henry Lincoln Johnson, of the 369th Infantry Regiment "Harlem Hellfighters" and a regiment of the NY National Guard, 93rd Infantry Division, was the first American soldier awarded the Croix de Guerre during WWI. He was also awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, the highest award for bravery available in the US Army below the Medal of Honor, as well as the Purple Heart. Another soldier of the 396th was awarded the Medal of Honor for actions during WWI.
Benjamin O. Davis, Sr, the first black general in the US Army also served in WWI as a Lt. Colonel, although not overseas.
These are just three black individuals who served in the US Army during WWI. There were thousands more, and thousands going back before WWI to the Mexican Expedition, the Spanish-American War, the Indian (Plains) Wars, the Civil War, The Mexican War, the War of 1812 and the Revolutionary War. Such as the 9th and 10th Cavalry Regiments, the Buffalo Soldiers, who after fighting Indians on the Great Plains fought the Spaniards in Cuba and charged up Kettle Hill in advance of, and during the famous charge of, the Rough Riders (more often known as the charge up San Juan Hill).
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