I keep seeing science fiction authors who cannot do basic math, I mean high school algebra or geometry.
In RELICS when DATA was describing the Dyson's sphere he said that it had as much inhabitable surface area as 250 million Class M planets. I assume he meant "average" class M planet? I think it is pretty safe to assume Earth is "average" as a class M planet so I assume he meant 250 million times the area of the Earth.
But the novel Orbitsville claims that the Dyson's sphere in THAT story has FIVE BILLION times the inhabitable area of the Earth. I get that they might not be the exact same size, maybe Dyson's spheres can vary in size some but how the hell can it be TWENTY times bigger than the one portrayed in Relics??? The one in Relics is described as being almost as big as the diameter of Earth's orbit.
Unless the writer of Orbitsville did something really bizarre and made up a Dyson's sphere that has an inner surface as far from it's sun as the asteroid belt is from ours which I doubt either the author of Orbitsville or the writers of Relics flunked 8th grade geometry.
DATA: I am having difficulty scanning the object. It appears to be approximately two hundred million kilometres in diameter. RIKER: That's nearly as large as the Earth's orbit around the sun.
RIKER: Are you saying you think there are people living in there? DATA: Possibly a great number of people, Commander. The interior surface area of a sphere this size is the equivalent of more than two hundred and fifty million class M planets.
The planet Earth has an average radius of 6,371.0 kilometers. Thus it should have a surface area of 510,064,040 square kilometers. The actual surface area is 510,072,000 square kilometers, due no doubt to the oblate shape of the Earth.
If the Dyson Sphere had a radius of exactly 100,000,000 kilometers it would have a surface are of about 125,663,600,000,000,000 square kilometers, which is about 246,399,210 times the surface area of the Earth. That may be 3,600,790 Earth surfaces less than 250,000,000 Earth surfaces, but the difference is only 1.40316 percent of 250,000,000 Earth Surfaces.
If a class M planet had a radius of 4,505 kilometers, 0.707 of Earth's radius, it would have a surface area half that of Earth. If a class M planet had a radius of 9,010 kilometers, 1.414 of Earth's radius, it would have a surface area twice that of Earth.
If the Dyson Sphere had a radius of 90,000,000 kilometers - 90 percent of 100,000,000 kilometers - it would have a surface area 0.81 times that of a 100,000,000 kilometer radius Dyson Sphere. If the Dyson Sphere had a radius of 110,000,000 kilometers - 110 percent of 100,000,000 kilometers - it would have a surface area 1.21 times that of a 100,000,000 kilometer radius Dyson Sphere.
Since Data said the Dyson sphere seemed to be "approximately two hundred million kilometres in diameter", the Dyson sphere in "Relics" might have been even less than 90,000,000 kilometers or even more than 110,000,000 kilometers in radius. In the era of TNG thousands or millions of class M planets are known and thus the average surface area of a class M planet is known, which might be significantly more or less than the surface area of Earth.
And even if the average surface area of a class M planet in TNG is exactly the same as Earth's, the difference between 250,000,000 Earth areas and the 246,399,210 Earth areas I calculated is only 1.40316 percent.
I guess the writer of relics" did his math adequately.
But the novel Orbitsville claims that the Dyson's sphere in THAT story has FIVE BILLION times the inhabitable area of the Earth. I get that they might not be the exact same size, maybe Dyson's spheres can vary in size some but how the hell can it be TWENTY times bigger than the one portrayed in Relics??? The one in Relics is described as being almost as big as the diameter of Earth's orbit.
So when did a galactic emperor decree that all real Dyson spheres in the galaxy had to be the same size and then send ambassadors to all primitive and backwards planets (including Earth) who ordered all the governments on those planets (including Earth) to make it illegal for science fiction writers to write about larger or smaller Dyson spheres?
Somehow I missed hearing about that alien emissary to Earth.
Suppose that it is possible for aliens to have very different biochemistry than Earth life forms have and exist on much hotter or colder planets.
Obviously aliens from Mercury would want to build a Dyson Sphere at the distance of Mercury from the Sun to enjoy the same temperatures as on Mercury. Obviously aliens from Neptune would want to build a Dyson Sphere at the distance of Neptune from the Sun to enjoy the same temperatures as on Neptune.
Since the orbit of Neptune has about 77 times the radius of the orbit of Mercury, a Dyson sphere built around the Sun for Neptunians should have about 77 times the radius and about 5,929 times the surface area of a Dyson sphere built around the Sun for Mercurians.
Anyway, colonists sent from their native star system to colonize and build Dyson spheres with the same temperatures around other stars would find that they had to adjust the sizes of their Dyson spheres to allow for the differences in the amounts of energy radiated by different stars.
The least luminous normal star known is 2MASS J0523-1403, about 40 light years from Earth, with a luminosity 0.000126 that of the Sun.
The most luminous known star is R136a1, in the R136 star group at the center of the star cluster NGC 2070 in the Tarantula Nebula in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a galaxy about 163,000 light years from Earth. It has about 8,700,000 times the luminosity of the Sun.
Thus stars can differ in luminosity by 69,047,619,000 times.
So it seems plausible that Dyson spheres might differ in radius by many thousands of times, and thus in surface area by many millions of times.
I don't know if the writer of Orbitsville did his calculations correctly and made his Dyson sphere the right size to fit the other parameters in his story, but it is clearly possible for Dyson spheres to differ in size by a lot more than 20 times.
I think math or not, If you want to write a story you get to make your Dyson Sphere as big or as small as you want. I my story, the Enterprise unknowingly obliterates 700 billion inhabitants of the sphere in my story because it is smaller than the head of a pin. So there!😛 No world order that elevates one nation or group of people over another will succeed
I think math or not, If you want to write a story you get to make your Dyson Sphere as big or as small as you want. I my story, the Enterprise unknowingly obliterates 700 billion inhabitants of the sphere in my story because it is smaller than the head of a pin. So there!😛
IMHO opinion your story is almost totally impossible.
Normal biological beings so small that 700 billion would fit inside a sphere smaller than the head of pin would seem to be bacteria sized or smaller.
There are microscopic intelligent beings in James Blish's classic "Surface Tension" but I think they are many times larger than bacteria and they are a very unbelievable part of the story. If your story is so good that readers can overlook microscopic intelligent beings like they did with "Surface Tension" then it should be published professionally if it hasn't already been.
In Robert L. Forward's Dragon's Egg (1980) tiny but visible sized aliens called cheela live on the surface a neutron star, and are composed of atomic nuclei instead of entire atoms.
So possibly you can justify such tiny intelligent beings by making them come from a neutron star and be made of degenerate matter. Or you may have to find even more exotic forms of matter to justify making intelligent beings bacteria sized or even smaller, if you desire any degree of plausibility.
As for the size of your Dyson sphere, the bad news is any known form of star would be at least a few hundred kilometers in diameter, and thus Dyson spheres around them have to be at least that wide.
Also any known form of star would emit a lot of energy. If the Dyson sphere intercepted all that energy it would use it and rise in temperature to an equilibrium temperature and then emit it as electromagnetic radiation at the wavelengths dictated by its equilibrium temperature. So you would have an object the size of a pin head (if you could find a star small enough), emitting the energy of many atomic bombs each second.
Burt maybe there could be tiny stars made of some type of exotic matter, and living beings made of exotic matter.
Another possibility is that a tiny black hole encounters a mote of dust in interstellar space. Just as a small black hole could enter a planet's interior and eventually absorb all it's matter, a tiny black hole could become stuck in the interior of a mote of space dust and eventually absorb all it's matter, perhaps releasing energy from the matter constantly falling into it. So maybe tiny aliens made of some strange form of exotic matter could build a Dyson sphere around that tiny black hole absorbing a mote of space dust.
Or maybe the tiny aliens find a microscopic black hole and build a Dyson sphere around it and collect atoms and charged particles in space and feed them into the black hole to make it generate energy from the particles accelerating as they fall into the black hole.
At the center of a black hole, hidden within the escape horizon, there may be all the matter of the black hole compressed into a mathematical point, thus making a singularity were the laws of physics break down.
And there is a theory that all the matter that fall s into a black hole passes though a wormhole and emerges out of another singularity in another region of space and time, a so called white hole.
So maybe the microscopic aliens made of some exotic form of matter built a pinhead sized Dyson sphere around a microscopic white hole.
Okay, whatever. It's only a paragraph in my story. The people are celebrating a religious holiday or something and it's actually a shuttle craft from the Enterprise that kills them all.
However, I am reading a Startrek book right now where Data is going to move a planet,whose sun is going to go nova, through a work hole. 🙄🙄 Talk about whacky! So I can have my Dyson Sphere infitesimally small. Plus, in my story, Picard has the hots for a chick that is shorter than him and who doesn't have man sized hands.[ angry2]
No world order that elevates one nation or group of people over another will succeed
However, I am reading a Startrek book right now where Data is going to move a planet,whose sun is going to go nova, through a work hole. 🙄🙄 Talk about whacky! So I can have my Dyson Sphere infitesimally small.
Actually moving a planet through a wormhole isn't much wackier than moving anything else through a wormhole.
Of course planets have enormous mass and thus it should take enormous amounts of energy to move them. But it should take infinite energy to accelerate any object, even a single atom, to the speed of light, so warp drive and possibly impulse drive seem to be able to almost magically avoid the constraints of Newtonian and relativistic physics and thus use far less than infinite amounts of energy.
in the Lensman series the Bergenholm inertialess drive can switch the inertia of an object on and off. A military tactic is to install giant Bergenholm drive units on a planet and move it into position near an enemy planet and then turn off the drive and restore inertia to the planet as it smashes into the enemy planet. But since a space fleet and a planet can be detected many light years away, a more advanced version of the tactic is to send the planets through a hyperspatial tube, a sort of rough analogy to a wormhole, to appear inside the target solar system with little warming and little time for the defenders to react.
And it seems to me that sending planets through wormholes actually could make Star Trek more plausible. In fact I am certain that everyone who thinks about it will agree that sending planets through wormholes is a great way to explain one of the biggest plausibility problems of Star Trek.
Space operas often use well known stars as settings. That has been done for many decades.
Bu there are some flaws in that practice. There are fewer than 10,000 stars whose apparent magnitudes as seen from Earth are bright enough to be visible to people with really good eyesight from places with really good views of the night sky.
So there are less than 10,000 stars that have been given one or more proper names, such as Keid, by various earth cultures, or Bayer designations like Omicron 2 Eridani (which happens to be Keid), or Flamsteed designations like 40 Eridani (which happens to be Keid and Omicron 2 Eridani), the probable star of Vulcan in Star Trek.
And there are thousands and millions of other stars which have been given catalog numbers like Wolf 359 or Kruger 60 or Ross 154 or Lalande 21185 or BD + 36 degree 2147 or 2 MASS J154043.42-510135.7.
But there are hundreds of billions of star systems in our galaxy.
If there is a galactic civilization spanning the entire galaxy, the odds that any particular person will come from Antares or Rigel or Deneb or Canopus or Gamma Trianguli or any other star with a present day proper name on Earth are very small.
But maybe the named stars are the 10,000 stars closest to Earth and if a space traveling civilization is limited to nearby regions of space a high proportion of stars within it's volume might have familiar names like Spica or Vega or Altair or Betelguese. No.
In our area of the galaxy there are about 0.004 stars per cubic light year.
The volume of a sphere is four thirds times pi times the radius cubed.
Thus a sphere with a radius of 10 light years should have a volume of 4,188.79 cubic light years and 16.75516 stars.
And there are 10 star systems with 15 individual stars and brown dwarfs within 10 light years of Earth. Some of those are well known in science fiction because they are among the closest to the Sun, but only two, Alpha Centauri, and Sirius, would be well known if they weren't measured to be so close to Earth.
A sphere with a radius of 100 light years has a volume of 4,188,790 cubic light years and about 16,755.16 stars.
Lists dozens of the stars that appear the brightest as seen from Earth, the stars whose names are most familiar. It lists 31 within one hundred light years of Earth. Or about 0.0018501 of the total.
A sphere with a radius of 200 light years should have about 134,041.28 stars. The list has 48 stars in that volume, or about 0.000358 of the total.
A sphere with a radius of 400 light years should have about 1,072,330.2 stars. The list has 63 stars in that volume, or about 0.000058 7 of the total.
A sphere with a radius of 1,000 light years has a volume of 1,188.790 cubic light years and about 16,755,160 stars. The list has 87 stars in that volume, or about 0.0000051 of the total.
Since there are 93 stars on that list and almost 10,000 stars visible to the naked eye on Earth that might have names, we might deduce that named stars could be a hundred times as common as stars on the list of brightest stars. So they might be as much as 0.18501 of the stars within 100 light years of Earth instead of 0.0018501, for example. But still not a majority.
The list of Stars and Planetary Systems in Fiction
lists 150 real star systems from science fiction stories, though no doubt more could be added to the list. But this list no doubt includes almost all the famous stars often mentioned in space operas, which are clearly a tiny minority among the hundreds of billions of stars in our galaxy.
Scientists used to accept the idea that the Earth was only a few thousand years old according to the Bible. In the 18th century geologists found evidence that geologic formations were produced over millions of years. By the mid 19th century some geologists believed that the Earth was a million million (1,000,000,000,000) years old.
The Earth is now believed to be about 4,500,000,000 years old.
Astronomers calculated that the Sun could burn chemically for only a few thousand years. Later Astronomers calculated that the sun could shine for only a few million years through gravitational contraction. But geologists dared to claim Earth was impossibly hundreds of millions of years old, several times the possible life span of the Sun. Nobody in those days imagined that super powerful aliens might have taken Earth from its original star when it was dying and moved it to the Sun, so it was a scientific paradox for decades.
And so I have read that there was actually physical violence between an astronomer and a geologist at a scientific meeting because of that paradox.
In the late 1930s physicists began to understand the nuclear fusion that powers stars. As more and more research was done and more and more advanced computers became available for scientific calculations, astrophysicists began to calculate and predict the life cycles of stars.
And thus they began to understand that most famous and well known stars are not suitable for having habitable planets and/or intelligent native life. Many of them are O, B, and A class stars that evolve too rapidly and remain on the main sequence for too short a time to have habitable planets or native intelligent life. Many others are red giant class K or M stars that have ended their main sequence periods and are in a temporary (just a few hundred million years) swollen up stage before becoming white dwarfs.
And some science fiction writers began to catch on. Robert A. Heinlein in his juvenile novels Starman Jones (1953) and Time For the Stars (1956) mentioned that main sequence stars of class G were the most suitable for having habitable planets.
Stephen H. Dole wrote Habitable Planets for Man (1964, 2007) for the Rand Corporation to estimate how common habitable planets might be. And one of his main points was that habitable planets would orbit main sequence class G stars (with a few class F and class K stars) in most cases.
And I can't help thinking it is a shame that nobody thought of buying copies and sending them to the offices of Star Trek and Babylon Five and to the headquarters of the Science Fiction and Fantasy writers of America.
I remember a short story in Analog magazine set on an Earth colony planet. Strange things happened when someone played an alien instrument called the "Demon Flute" because it was found in alien ruins on a planet of Algol, the Demon Star. Four habitable planets are named in the story, including Earth, the colony planet setting, the planet of Algol, and a colony planet orbiting Vega. Thus of the four stars, the Sun is the right type to have a habitable planet, Vega and Algol are not, and the fourth is unknown.
So most of the famous stars mentioned in space operas are not suitable for having habitable planets or native intelligent lifeforms.
In The Star King (1964) the first of the Demon Princes novels by Jack Vance, the Rigel Concourse is a planetary system of 26 habitable planets orbiting Rigel. The vengeance seeking protagonist Kirth Gersen makes his headquarters there in the first novels before moving to planets in the Vega system in later novels.
I suspect that Vance learned that Rigel would be too short lived to develop habitable planets naturally, so he moved the protagonist's headquarters to the Vega system, since Vega is a much longer lived star than Rigel. Though he only reduced the problem, not eliminated it, since Vega also would not last long enough to have habitable planets.
The Wikipedia article on the Demon Princes series says:
The Rigel Concourse: a system of 26 planets orbiting Rigel, which were moved into the system in antiquity by a vanished alien race.
This probably comes from one of the later novels in the series I haven't read yet.
Some scientists and science fiction writers have thought about how to move planets.
And it seems to me that one way to make a science fiction space opera series more plausible would be to explain that habitable planets orbiting unsuitable stars were moved there by super advanced aliens.
These planets would have formed around main sequence stars and orbited them for billions of years and then when their stars began to become giant stars were moved by super advanced aliens to orbit around other stars that couldn't naturally have habitable planets. These new suns would be only temporary homes for the planets and the super advanced aliens would have to move them again after only tens or hundreds of millions of years.
Thus some Star Trek planets might have been moved from star to star several times in their histories.
In the TOS episode "The Empath" the star Minara is about to explode:
Captain's log, stardate 5121.5, orbiting the second planet in the Minarian star system. This star has long given evidence of entering a nova phase, and six months ago, a research station was established to make close-up studies of the star as its end approaches. Minara is now entering a critical period, and the Enterprise has been ordered to evacuate the station before the planet becomes uninhabitable. Yet our attempts to contact the station's personnel have been, so far, unsuccessful.
Kirk, Spock and McCoy are captured by aliens.
KIRK: Who are you? Why did you bring us here? LAL: We are Vians. Do not interfere.
SPOCK: What purpose can be served by the death of our friend, except to bring you pleasure? Surely beings as advanced as yourselves know that your star system will soon be extinct. Your sun will nova. THANN: We know. SPOCK: Then you also know that the millions of inhabitants on its planets are doomed. LAL: That is why we are here. KIRK: This arena of death that you have devised for your pleasure. Will it prevent this catastrophe? LAL: No, it will not, but it may save Gem's planet. Of all the planets of Minara, we have the power to transport the inhabitants of only one to safety. THANN: If Gem's planet is the one that will be saved, we must make certain beyond any doubt whatsoever they are worthy of survival
So the star Minara has several planets that are inhabited by millions of intelligent beings and the Federation is not doing anything to evacuate any of them, because of the prime directive, and yet Kirk and Spock criticize the Vians for saving the inhabitants of one of those planets.
I always wondered why Lal said: "Of all the planets of Minara, we have the power to transport the inhabitants of only one to safety."
That implies that they have enough spaceships to land on one of the planets and transport all the millions of people there to safety but not a single extra space ship. So apparently all of the planets have exactly the same population despite apparently being occupied by different species. Or else the Vians have a small number of really giant spaceships that can transport the population of any planet in the system with room to spare but wouldn't have enough time to pick up anybody from any other planet in the system.
Or maybe the Vians are not going to use spaceships or interstellar transporters to save the natives of a single planet. Maybe they have the ability to transport a single planet, and only one planet, to another and safer star system.
Perhaps the Vians can generate and control an artificial wormhole. They will put one mouth of the wormhole ahead of an orbiting planet and the other mouth at a safe orbital distance in another star system. Thus the planet will enter the wormhole and emerge in the second star system.
A typical nova happens in a very close binary star system. Presumably the planets in such a system will orbit around both of the stars. The more massive star in the system will evolve into a red giant star with greatly increased luminosity and then shed most of its mass, becoming a remnant white dwarf star. This process should mess up all the planets in the system and make them uninhabitable.
Then the white dwarf star will gradually acquire material from the other star which might be swelling up into a red giant itself. This material will be compressed by the intense surface gravity of the white dwarf star to a very dense and hot state comparable to a star's core where fusion takes place. When the temperature reaches about 20 million degrees Kelvin, rapid uncontrolled fusion will take place, making a nova.
So possibly the habitable planets in the Minara system were moved there by super advanced aliens when their original stars started to become red giants. And everything was fine for millions of years until Minara started to head toward becoming a nova. But the Vians discovered the situation and decided to save one of the planets since they could only make one artificial wormhole in time.
And we may hope that the super advanced aliens who moved the planets into the Minara system millions of years ago in the first place were keeping track of the situation and - after the Enterprise left and the Vians moved one planet to safety and left - moved the other planets to safety.
So that is why I think that the way out concept of moving planets with artificial wormholes could explain otherwise implausible aspects of Star Trek.
"If you want to write a story you get to make your Dyson Sphere as big or as small as you want.
I my story, the Enterprise unknowingly obliterates 700 billion inhabitants of the sphere in my story because it is smaller than the head of a pin. "
What kind of pin is it? Don't you have enough imagination to make a pin really big?
Are you imposing pin size limitations in your story? Why don't you get to make them as big as you want?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DATA: I am having difficulty scanning the object. It appears to be approximately two hundred million kilometres in diameter. RIKER: That's nearly as large as the Earth's orbit around the sun. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- RIKER: Are you saying you think there are people living in there? DATA: Possibly a great number of people, Commander. The interior surface area of a sphere this size is the equivalent of more than two hundred and fifty million class M planets. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Area = 4 π r 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The planet Earth has an average radius of 6,371.0 kilometers. Thus it should have a surface area of 510,064,040 square kilometers. The actual surface area is 510,072,000 square kilometers, due no doubt to the oblate shape of the Earth.
If the Dyson Sphere had a radius of exactly 100,000,000 kilometers it would have a surface are of about 125,663,600,000,000,000 square kilometers, which is about 246,399,210 times the surface area of the Earth. That may be 3,600,790 Earth surfaces less than 250,000,000 Earth surfaces, but the difference is only 1.40316 percent of 250,000,000 Earth Surfaces.
If a class M planet had a radius of 4,505 kilometers, 0.707 of Earth's radius, it would have a surface area half that of Earth. If a class M planet had a radius of 9,010 kilometers, 1.414 of Earth's radius, it would have a surface area twice that of Earth.
If the Dyson Sphere had a radius of 90,000,000 kilometers - 90 percent of 100,000,000 kilometers - it would have a surface area 0.81 times that of a 100,000,000 kilometer radius Dyson Sphere. If the Dyson Sphere had a radius of 110,000,000 kilometers - 110 percent of 100,000,000 kilometers - it would have a surface area 1.21 times that of a 100,000,000 kilometer radius Dyson Sphere.
Since Data said the Dyson sphere seemed to be "approximately two hundred million kilometres in diameter", the Dyson sphere in "Relics" might have been even less than 90,000,000 kilometers or even more than 110,000,000 kilometers in radius. In the era of TNG thousands or millions of class M planets are known and thus the average surface area of a class M planet is known, which might be significantly more or less than the surface area of Earth.
And even if the average surface area of a class M planet in TNG is exactly the same as Earth's, the difference between 250,000,000 Earth areas and the 246,399,210 Earth areas I calculated is only 1.40316 percent.
I guess the writer of relics" did his math adequately.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- But the novel Orbitsville claims that the Dyson's sphere in THAT story has FIVE BILLION times the inhabitable area of the Earth. I get that they might not be the exact same size, maybe Dyson's spheres can vary in size some but how the hell can it be TWENTY times bigger than the one portrayed in Relics??? The one in Relics is described as being almost as big as the diameter of Earth's orbit. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
So when did a galactic emperor decree that all real Dyson spheres in the galaxy had to be the same size and then send ambassadors to all primitive and backwards planets (including Earth) who ordered all the governments on those planets (including Earth) to make it illegal for science fiction writers to write about larger or smaller Dyson spheres?
Somehow I missed hearing about that alien emissary to Earth.
Suppose that it is possible for aliens to have very different biochemistry than Earth life forms have and exist on much hotter or colder planets.
Obviously aliens from Mercury would want to build a Dyson Sphere at the distance of Mercury from the Sun to enjoy the same temperatures as on Mercury. Obviously aliens from Neptune would want to build a Dyson Sphere at the distance of Neptune from the Sun to enjoy the same temperatures as on Neptune.
Since the orbit of Neptune has about 77 times the radius of the orbit of Mercury, a Dyson sphere built around the Sun for Neptunians should have about 77 times the radius and about 5,929 times the surface area of a Dyson sphere built around the Sun for Mercurians.
Anyway, colonists sent from their native star system to colonize and build Dyson spheres with the same temperatures around other stars would find that they had to adjust the sizes of their Dyson spheres to allow for the differences in the amounts of energy radiated by different stars.
The least luminous normal star known is 2MASS J0523-1403, about 40 light years from Earth, with a luminosity 0.000126 that of the Sun.
The most luminous known star is R136a1, in the R136 star group at the center of the star cluster NGC 2070 in the Tarantula Nebula in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a galaxy about 163,000 light years from Earth. It has about 8,700,000 times the luminosity of the Sun.
Thus stars can differ in luminosity by 69,047,619,000 times.
So it seems plausible that Dyson spheres might differ in radius by many thousands of times, and thus in surface area by many millions of times.
I don't know if the writer of Orbitsville did his calculations correctly and made his Dyson sphere the right size to fit the other parameters in his story, but it is clearly possible for Dyson spheres to differ in size by a lot more than 20 times.
Well I don't feel like reading through all these scientific mumbo jumbo posts, so someone may have stated this already, but wouldn't the position of the dyson's sphere depend on the energy output of the central sun? The weaker the sun, the closer to it the sphere would have to be built, so I imagine there could be a huge range of surface area size.