Elias wasn't a bad guy. That much is obvious.
I think it's too much to call one good and the other bad. Both were very three dimensional characters.
Barnes takes the death of the members of the platoon very seriously. That shows up throughout the film. Hence his viciousness on a village that was, as far as any of them could tell, undeniably NVA friendly. Yeah he did overreact. He even knows it, but I'll get to that.
Barnes murder of Elias was definitely a criminal act, but I wouldn't call it an evil act. From what I could tell of the character, He felt Elias was just TOO goody goody. Elias decision to push for a court martial and continue to do so, in Barnes eyes, was not the real issue he should have been focusing on. Fighting the war was. There's more but it's hard to explain. In short, Barnes wasn't just eliminating a monkey on his back, he was removing a weak link from the platoon.
His big speech in the happy hut later reflects a lot of what I've said, and really shows how he views the world. In my opinion, he was seriously regretful of the things he has done and who he has, in his eyes, been forced to become. This is why he offers them the chance to kill him, and then gets angry when they all back down. He opened himself up to them, and it isn't until he closes himself again that Chris attacks. I imagine if he had taken Barnes on his offer immediately, he wouldn't have gotten whipped for it.
Ultimately, I don't consider Barnes a bad person. I feel he was definitely on the darker end of the morality scale by this point in the movie, but genuinely felt that he had to be. He was a case of "he who fights monsters...." His job was to help win the war, and he was going to do what he had to do to win it, but at the same time, he hated doing what he had to do. It's why he is in no way upset when Chris kills him at the end of the film. It ended his own pain.
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