It was certainly an issue for movies!! Bogie stood on a box for some scenes with the tall Ingrid Bergman in Casablanca (but it certainly did not faze him because he married the super tall Lauren Bacall!). Charles Boyer wore big lifts to star with Ingrid Bergman in Gaslight. I can't imagin e the platform shoes Dustin Hoffman must have to wear ;) Tom Cruise is said to be 5'7" in his dreams... Hollywood has had many small men throughout its history--from Buster Keaton and Charlie Chaplin on. Fred Astaire was only short because the women dancers had to be so close--in his arms and moving around him. He was an artist at working with women from under five feet tall to as tall or taller than he was. The only hint we get is the shoes the women wear.
Watch how many female dancers wear ballet flats when dancing with Astaire--besides Ann Miller, in the Stepping Out number, the first woman to dance with him has ballet slippers with a funny round frizzy-looking thing on them. The second woman, who is shorter than the first, has low heels with a wider heel like Naturalizers--not what dancers and actresses normally wear....
In Band Wagon, with Cyd Charisse, 5'7 1/2" tall, she always wears flats. In Daddy Long Legs, Leslie Caron was only 5' 1 1/2" tall, much like Judy Garland's 4'11". I recall Audrey Hepburn, 5'7" tall, always wearing flats in Funny Face, but I could be wrong.
Ginger Rogers fell comfortably in between the heights--at 5'4 1/2" she was safe in small heels which her beautiful gowns required! I can't imagine her wearing any of those sparkling, flowing works of art with ballet flats!
As an aside, I noticed that the director also pulled a smart move to make Astaire appear taller when with Ann Miller: he had her a foot forward of Astaire when they stood next to each other and spoke. It was in a scene after she performed a dance number, and they are speaking.... He is standing about a foot farther back than she, and so the tops of their heads are level. It would not work everywhere, and an actress who was not as thin as Ann Miller could not pull it off.
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