At least where women were concerned, having a child out of wedlock in the 1930s,'40s, or '50s would have meant the end of their careers in Hollywood if doing so became public knowledge. There was a social stigma attached to illegitimate children, as they were called, everywhere.
But Hollywood also thought in terms of dollars and cents. Even if an actress was admired for playing a seductress on the screens, moviegoers expected certain moral standards to be upheld in her private life. The studios feared that if these standards were violated moviegoers would stay away from that actress's films.
At the time Ingrid Bergman became pregnant by the director Roberto Rossellini, in 1949, actresses were expected to either secretly abort offspring from unmarried relationships, or secretly give them up for adoption. In 1937, Loretta Young actually adopted her own nineteen month-old daughter from the Catholic orphanage which had been taking care of the child since soon after her birth. She made believe the girl, whose father was Clark Gable, was not related to her.
According to her autobiography, Lana Turner's baby by her first husband, bandleader Artie Shaw, was aborted in 1940 after he refused to wait until after the child's birth to divorce her. Eight years later, she had a second abortion after the married actor, Tyrone Power, made her pregnant. Ava Gardner also admitted to having two legal abortions of her husband Frank Sinatra's children in the book she wrote about her life. They happened in 1952 and '53, in England. She explained that his career was not doing well and that raising children would be a strain on their finances. None of this reached the press.
A biography of Judy Garland described her first pregnancy, when she was twenty, in 1942. It happened during her marriage to composer David Rose, her first husband. She wanted the baby. But studio head, Louis B. Mayer, and her very domineering mother, who had helped to direct her career since Garland was a child, decided that having a baby would interfere with her moviemaking. She even threatened to put Garland in a closet if she didn't obey her command. Rose went along with mama's decree. Garland was taken to an abortionist near Hollywood. It was all hushed up.
What these events also prove was that a certain class of women had easy access to abortions when they were only legal in the United States to save the mothers' lives. Women who were not movie actresses, but who could afford to travel to foreign countries were in this group.
Ingrid Bergman was condemned by women's groups as well as Hollywood. I suppose at least some of those ladies thought that if they stayed in failed marriages, she could too. Bergman found herself in a situation where she refused to play their hypocritical game.
There was a double standard. Bergman gave birth to her love child, Robertino
Rossellini, while both she and his father, Roberto Rossellini, were married to other people. He had a son by his marriage while Bergman had a daughter by her first husband. Both would be divorced to marry each other. But, as so often happens, the woman bore the brunt of disapproval. She was banished from Hollywood for seven years. Perhaps I'm wrong. But I don't know of attacks upon Roberto Rossellini while some moralists would have tarred and feathered Ingrid Bergman if it had been allowed.
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