Well they're talking about the observable universe, which is the portion of the universe that is small enough for light to have been able to reach us, so that we could observe it (at least in principle). Because the big bang occurred roughly 13.8 billion years ago, and light has a certain speed at which it can travel, there is a maximum amount of distance that light could have traveled, and thus a limit to what we can observe. When you look farther away, you are observing "older" light, so you're in essence looking back into the distant past. There is a point at which the early universe was so dense that it was opaque to electromagnetic radiation (i.e.: light), and so you can't look farther back than that, and thus no farther outward, even in principle (though it might be possible in principle to do so with other sources of information like gravitational waves). So what this paper is really talking about is the number of galaxies we could potentially see, kind of like a density, rather than an absolute total number.
On a side note, since the universe has been expanding while the light is traveling, the distance of this maximum observable radius is not actually 13.8 billion light years, but more in the vicinity of 46 billion light years
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