"wouldnt the middle 50% be more useful?"
No, because I'm trying to contrast taxes paid by the poorest workers and the wealthiest.
As for the middle groups, there is basically a flat tax instead of a progressive one of 25-30%. The book didn't do a salary range, but most people know in which group they belong.
$18,500 - working-class (lowest 50%) - 25% tax
$75,000 - middle-class (next 40%) - 25-28% tax
$220,000 - upper-middle class - (top 10% - not incl. top 1%) - 28% tax
$1.5 million - rich - (top 1%) 30% tax
Top 400 wealthiest families - 20% tax
Census records only capture 60% of national income. The authors use a method to capture 100% pretax and post tax as well as count fringe benefits which help raise middle-class.
"First, our data show a sharp divergence in the growth expe-
rienced by the bottom 50% versus the rest of the economy. The
average pretax income of the bottom 50% of adults has stagnated
at about $16,000 per adult (in constant 2014 dollars, using the
national income deflator) since 1980, while average national in-
come per adult has grown by 60% to $64,500 in 2014. As a result,
the bottom 50% income share has collapsed from about 20% in
1980 to 12% in 2014. In the meantime, the average pretax income
of top 1% adults rose from $420,000 to about $1.3 million, and
their income share increased from about 12% in the early 1980s
to 20% in 2014. The two groups have essentially switched their
income shares, with eight points of national income transferred
from the bottom 50% to the top 1%. The top 1% income share is
now almost twice as large as the bottom 50% share, a group that
is by definition 50 times more numerous."
http://gabriel-zucman.eu/files/PSZ2018QJE.pdf
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